Researcher’s orientation

In the following sections, you can find my researcher’s orientation.

NoteResearcher’s orientation

The researcher’s orientation is the combination of every aspect specific to an individual researcher that shape how the researcher approaches and practises research.

This includes, but it is not limited to, lived experiences, social positionality, philosophical stance, personal beliefs, methodological theory, and more.

This is a work in progress, in two senses:

1 Positionality

Positionality statements are about a reflexive understanding of one’s own world view and how it affects one’s own research (Darwin Holmes 2020; Goundar 2025; Jafar 2018; Lazard & McAvoy 2020; Tomlinson 2023). There isn’t a single accepted way of writing a positionality statement nor what should be covered in them. I personally take a positionality statement to be the social position of the researcher in the research landscape.

I identify as a neurodiverse male academic of Mediterranean ethnicity. I was born and raised in Northern Italy, but I have been living in the United Kingdom for a decade and I think of this country as my home. Most of my current research is about research methods and how research practices shape linguistic research. In this sense, I have an in-group point of view, being myself a researcher.

2 Philosophical stance

My philosophical stance is a syncretic integration of non-dual monism, anti-realism, holism, cosmopsychism, spiritualism, subjective Bayesian epistemology, and ecological awareness.1

Ontologically, this framework entails an ultimate monistic reality that transcends Cartesian dualism (mental/physical plane), so that anti-realism is understood as rejecting the metaphysical framing of a strict mind-independent vs mind-dependent divide. Mind, consciousness, experience, and the cosmos are understood as manifestations of a single non-dual ultimate reality. Furthermore, cosmopsychism entails that the entire cosmos has a fundamental experiential aspect and that all entities have experience deriving from the cosmic experience. Holism (as in the systems view of life in Capra & Luisi (2018)), the idea of a unified whole which is more than the sum of its parts, is another central aspect of my philosophical stance, and it is intended as applied to ontology (reality is whole), epistemology (knowledge is relational) and methodological (description and explanation requires whole-level analyses).

Bayesian epistemology, which I use in my research and teach in my courses, is grounded on belief updating under uncertainty and inference given priors representing belief and evidence. Under this stance, quantitative methods are viewed and practised not in a reductionist way (explaining phenomena based entirely on lower-level terms) but simply as representing phenomena numerically as one way of operationalise entities, events and relations.

3 Methodological theory

From the point of view of methodological theory and practice, I am an active advocate of Open Research2 practices for a more transparent, well-grounded and reflexive scholarship. Open Research encompasses “concepts of openness, transparency, rigor, reproducibility, replicability, and accumulation of knowledge” (Crüwell et al. 2019) put to the service of “making the content and process of producing evidence and claims transparent and accessible to others” (Munafò et al. 2017).

I am also a supporter of the Slow Research3 movement, part of the broader “slow” movement (as in “slow-food”), which can be summarised with this quote from the manifesto: “We do need time to think. We do need time to digest. We do need time to misunderstand each other”.

References

Capra, Fritjof & Pier Luigi Luisi. 2018. The Systems View of life: A unifying vision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crüwell, Sophia, Johnny van Doorn, Alexander Etz, Matthew C. Makel, Hannah Moshontz, Jesse Niebaum, Amy Orben, Sam Parsons & Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck. 2019. Seven easy steps to open science: An annotated reading list. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 227(4). 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387.
Darwin Holmes, Andrew Gary. 2020. Researcher positionality: A consideration of its influence and place in qualitative research. A new researcher guide. Shanlax International Journal of Education 8(4). 110. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v8i4.3232.
Dienes, Zoltan. 2008. Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Goundar, Prashneel Ravisan. 2025. Researcher Positionality: Ways to Include it in a Qualitative Research Design. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 24. 16094069251321251. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069251321251. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/16094069251321251.
Jafar, Anisa J. N. 2018. What is positionality and should it be expressed in quantitative studies? Emergency Medicine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207158.
Lazard, Lisa & Jean McAvoy. 2020. Doing reflexivity in psychological research: Whats the point? Whats the practice? Qualitative Research in Psychology 17(2). 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2017.1400144. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14780887.2017.1400144.
Munafò, Marcus R., Brian A. Nosek, Dorothy V. M. Bishop, Katherine S. Button, Christopher D. Chambers, Nathalie Percie Du Sert, Uri Simonsohn, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Jennifer J. Ware & John P. A. Ioannidis. 2017. A manifesto for reproducible science. Nature Human Behaviour. Nature Publishing Group 1(1). 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-016-0021.
Okasha, Samir. 2016. Philosophy of science: Very short introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192802835.001.0001.
Tomlinson, Yalda Natasha. 2023. The importance of engaging with ontology and epistemology as an ECR. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/importance-engaging-ontology-and-epistemology-ecr.

Footnotes

  1. For an introduction to philosophy of “science”, which is relevant to research, see Okasha (2016) and Dienes (2008).↩︎

  2. Open Research is a more inclusive term than the more common Open Science term.↩︎

  3. “Slow Research” is a more inclusive term for Open Science.↩︎