class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Today’s coarticulation is tomorrow’s sound change ## <br>Insights from dynamic articulatory data ### Stefano Coretta ### University of Edinburgh ### 2022/01/27 --- class: center middle inverse # Background --- # Coarticulation and sound change .bg-washed-green.b--dark-green.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ **Coarticulation** is a known factor in the development of sound change. ] -- .bg-washed-yellow.b--yellow.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ Speech is a complex system of **finely coordinated movements that unfold in time**. ] -- .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ What can **dynamic articulatory data** tells us about sound change? ] --- # Two case studies .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ **Case study 1** * Tongue root position and timing of oral closure in VC sequences. * Ultrasound tongue imaging of Italian and Polish. ] .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ **Case Study 2** * Glottal spread and timing of oral closure in VC sequences. * Electroglottography of Italian and Polish. ] --- class: center middle inverse # Case study 1 ## Italian and Polish: Voicing and tongue root advancement --- background-image: url(img/vibration-closure.png) background-size: contain --- background-image: url(img/closure-duration.png) background-size: contain # Closure duration --- background-image: url(img/tongue-root-1.png) background-size: contain # Tongue root<br>position --- background-image: url(img/tongue-root-2.png) background-size: contain # Tongue root<br>position --- background-image: url(img/tongue-root-3.png) background-size: contain # Tongue root<br>position --- # Ultrasound tongue imaging (UTI)  --- # Tongue root movement within the vowel .center[] --- # Tongue root position and vowel duration .center[] --- # From synchrony to diachrony .pull-left[  ] -- .pull-right[  ] --- # Afterthoughts - Findings are in line with previous work on tongue root .f6[(Kent & Moll 1969; Perkell 1969; Westbury 1983; Ahn 2018; Vazquez-Alvarez & Hewlett 2007)]. -- - Tongue root movement onset during the articulation of the vowel. - Advancement both when following stop is voiced *and* voiceless. -- - Later closure onset has double advantage: -- 1. A greater degree of tongue root advancement is achieved at vowel offset/closure onset. 2. The stop closure is shorter. -- - Double advantage as a catalyst for sound change. -- - Positive feedback loop of productions with later closure onset. -- - **Mean VT/VD difference: 0.77 mm.** For every **+1 ms** of vowel duration, about **+0.065 mm** advancement of the tongue. -- - For an average closure of 70-90 ms, estimated maximum advancement of 4.55 to 5.85 mm. - Matches the observed maximum advancement of previous work .f6[(Rothenberg 1967)]. --- class: center middle inverse # Case study 2 ## Italian and Polish: Voicelessness and glottal abduction --- background-image: url(img/voiceless-closure.png) background-size: contain --- background-image: url(img/glottal-spread.png) background-size: contain # Increase supraglottal pressure --- # Electroglottography .center[  ] --- # Glottal abduction within the vowel .center[] --- # From synchony... .center[  ] --- # ...to diachrony .pull-left[ **Emergence of preaspiration** <br>.f6[(Nı́ Chasaide 1985; Stevens, Keyser & Kawasaki 2014)]  ] -- .pull-right[ **Preemption of preaspiration emergence** .f6[(Lisker 1974)]  ] --- # Afterthoughts - Findings are compatible with reported presence of preaspiration in Italian .f6[(Nı́ Chasaide & Gobl 1993; Stevens & Hajek 2004a; Stevens & Hajek 2004b; Stevens & Hajek 2010; Stevens 2010; Stevens & Reubold 2014)]. -- - Increased glottal abduction as precursor of voiceless pre-aspiration .f6[(Berg 1958; Rothenberg 1967; Ohala 2011)]. -- - Emergence of preaspiration. -- - Earlier glottal spread first > then shorter closure .f6[(Nı́ Chasaide 1985; Stevens, Keyser & Kawasaki 2014)]. -- - Prevention of preaspiration. -- - Earlier glottal spread first > then earlier closure .f6[(Lisker 1974)] --- # Bringing it all together .bg-washed-green.b--dark-green.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ Detailed **articulatory descriptions based on dynamic speech data** can shed light on possible pathways of sound change. ] -- .bg-washed-yellow.b--yellow.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ The orchestration of finely coordinated movements contributes to the **pool of variability from which sound change can unfold**. ] -- .bg-washed-blue.b--dark-blue.ba.bw2.br3.shadow-5.ph4.mt5[ Recent technological advancements have opened up new avenues of inquiry about the **role of coarticulation in the unfolding of sound change**. ] --- class: center middle inverse # THANKS! For references, see <https://stefanocoretta.github.io/biblio/>